Energy Balance GJhr
Heat In
Fuel (as fired) 782.5
Total 782.5 Heat Out
Net stream turbine output 180.1
Auxiliary turbine use 21.1
Condenser 360.3
Stack gas losses 199.5
Boiler radiation losses 2.0
Unaccounted carbon loss 7.8
Unaccounted boiler heat loss 11.7
Total 782.5
Performance Summary
Annual capacity factor, % 80%
Net KJ/kWh 15,650
Thermal Efficiency, % 23.0%
Material Balance (Mg/hr)
Mass In
Fuel (as received) 77.3
Ammonia 0.1
Combustion Air 321.4
Total 398.7 Mass Out
Fuel prep moisture losses 1.9
Fines 0.0
Ferrous metal 0.0
Bottom ash 0.3
Fly ash 1.0
Flue gas 396.3
Total 398.7
Figure 2. Material and energy balance for the 1997 base case.
Direct-Fired Combustion Wood-Fired Stoker Plant 60 MW (Net)
Boiler Efficiency 84.5%
Boiler Efficiency 84.5%
1.81 Mg/day Generator -146.7 C
330.6 C
1.81 Mg/day Generator -146.7 C
Gross MW 65.6
Net MW 60.0
330.6 C
Air Heater
Bottom Ash 2.5 Mg/day
1110.0 Mg/day
Fuel Prep
26.7
Moisture Loss -832.5 Mg/day Fines - 0 Mg/day Ferrous- 0 Mg/day
Net MW 60.0
Combustion Air 6553.8 Mg/day
CO SO2 NOx Part.
Combustion Air 6553.8 Mg/day
Emissions Mg/day
Flue Gas 7560.6
CO2 1716.0
CO SO2 NOx Part.
Solar Stirling Engine Basics Explained
The solar Stirling engine is progressively becoming a viable alternative to solar panels for its higher efficiency. Stirling engines might be the best way to harvest the power provided by the sun. This is an easy-to-understand explanation of how Stirling engines work, the different types, and why they are more efficient than steam engines.
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